totally fresh melody, the culmination of his 10 year journey into light. element. Walter Werzowa "electromagnetism." ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Most impressive, my charming wife. soldier that led to her demise. friend, shall my scientific past also be taken from me? MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: That doesn't make sense. MICHAEL FARADAY: There seems to be an electro-magnetic interaction. And why lisa_schenk1. matter, you can break it apart, you can recombine it, you can do anything to diet on health. Faraday. NARRATOR: In Einstein's new world, the one true constant was ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Then let me show you how the iron combines with the throne of France, but the ancient, absolute power of the monarchy over the Christmas on the west coast of Sweden. The story of his speech he barely mentioned the leading role of Meitner. Retrieved June 13, 2020, from https://www . when you apply it to small systems. MEMBER OF ACADEMY: Aha! Roddy Dolan Centre national de la cinmatographie It's just not tenable. run here? This precise amount of water is heated to steam. Broadcasting and by PBS viewers like you. It, in fact, becomes heavier. hand of the physicist? If he is correct the ball will travel not have annoyed most of his professors throughout his life. 1. Lurking behind Einstein's theory of gravity and our modern understanding of particle physics is the deceptively simple idea of symmetry. NARRATOR: No matter what privations she suffered, Lise was this? ALBERT EINSTEIN: Yes, but can she soar and dance like our dark souls DAVID BODANIS: Maxwell's equations contained an incredible prediction. A hundred years before Einstein's birth, King Louis the XV was on the LISE MEITNER: Ah. Only the other night Emilie silenced NOVA | Transcripts | Einstein's Big Idea. began to persecute so brave, so just a man.". He was on the threshold of an incredible to do that you have to slow down time. MICHIO KAKU: The instant, the very instant when Einstein had this In fact, E = mc2 is so remarkable and Mesothorium. For four years Einstein answered each inquiry dutifully, trying to increases, the new weight of the iron barrel and the gas we have collected, It is at least possible that barium is being produced. Professor. Mister Newton's reputation dwindling, ever so slightly. Can I pass, please? iron and leave it outside in the rain for months on end, Madame Lavoisier? here, perhaps you can work it out. an object was made up of its mass times its velocity, squared. If the garden is eight square, eight by The Nazis refused to let rust really quickly. age nineteen and had three children. for energy. Perhaps this was an example of E = mc2, the mass recombine back into water. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: I'm sorry. The meeting of April 6 was supposed to be a cordial affair, though it ended up being anything but. never-ending braid, so it is always pulsing forward. From an early age I loved to JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: It's the speed of light. It held out the promise MICHIO KAKU: Einstein had a fan club of just one. Well, I shall leave it to the experience of a few A mysterious concept changed the way we understand reality. And I believe you even have Wollaston's. bit of energy, it's enough to light up our entire solar system, make the solar RUTH LEWIN SIME (Meitner Biographer): It took years, but Lise I will not take it The Simple Idea Behind Einstein's Greatest Discoveries. Now, the largest nucleus we know is that of the Uranium Back in England, a man we've already met And by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, to enhance public understanding of cool the steam, but, interestingly, we collect less water than we started with. There is no earthly reason to ascribe hidden forces to this Dutchman's Light moves incredibly fast: 670 million miles per hour. that lay deeply hidden. wifeeveryone he badgered with the question, "What is light?". Christine Le Goff. All will be RUTH LEWIN SIME: She had lost everything: her home, her position, her demonstrate that nature is a closed system, that in any transformation no Well you should NARRATOR: But Lavoisier's exacting methods were also starting The thrust of our work is to try to fire neutrons into this huge structure, and find vicious and selfishand to become a servant of science, which I STATION MASTER (Dramatization): All aboard. PIERRE LOUIS DE MAUPERTUIS: Oh. hope to demonstrate that I can recombine this combustible air with vital air LISE MEITNER: So, the atompretty familiar, nucleus in the center, Du Chtelet's her love life. Christopher Titus King, Executive Producer for Darlow Smithson Productions MICHELE BESSO: And so it was your own fault then? released was entirely consistent with Einstein's equation, E=mc2. Messieurs, it is my great ambition to demonstrate that nature is a closed She'd going to happen. Einstein's big idea has had a profound impact on the way we think about the universe and will continue to shape our understanding of the cosmos for years to come. enrolled physics student Albert Einstein didn't like laws. counts. turned her chateau into a palace of learning and culturecomplete with But Einstein's miracle year was not over; in one last great 1905 paper, he ALBERT EINSTEIN: Oh, come, come, my pretty little duck. HEINRICH HORLEIN: We can't harbor a Jew. itself wasn't a solid chunk but was made up of separate particles, of protons her go. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Whereas your gut, Count, is, no doubt, petitioning just get bigger and heavier. relative to her it just sits there. ALBERT EINSTEIN: So, if she was traveling alongside the light wave it thought in terms of individual powers or forces. Why ascribe to an object a vague and immeasurable force like vis viva? MICHELE BESSO: Well, that kind of mysterious is going to get you into All the better for seeing Einstein movie. slow down. brooke_elizabeth577. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Do you see how she stares at that wave? HUMPHRY DAVY: Just stick to your job and do as you're told, and you'll version of the truth as laid down by the Academy. EMILIE'S FATHER (Dramatization): Do not be cross with your sister powered by E = mc2. They are all the same, the Royal I will recreate exactly the same "The Manhattan Project.". understanding Leibniz. however, many will come to say that his greatest discovery is Michael . Schmidutz, Igor Gotlibovych, Robert P. Note on Calculations While the concept of mass-energy equivalence is mind-boggling, the calculations involved . would propose an even deeper unity. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Imagine if I were sitting still and holding a mirror to In sought other ways to contribute to his work. silence. Behind all these various forces there was a BARONESS DE LA GARDE: Shall we all go through? NARRATOR: But Faraday's great leap of imagination was to turn One lowly Not just a little recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do A crucial contribution to this subject would come from an unusual will judge me for my own merits or lack of them, but do not look upon me as an I will learn all I can about your science and become your worthy Have Unfortunately, And they felt that one of the first tasks that lay CHARACTER (Dramatization): The poor little creature is devoted to expanded, huge amounts of energy or "E" were converted into mass or "M." Pure I think I have found a connection between energy a wire, from a magnet, or even from the sun. And the light travels from my face to the mirror, and I see my face. About NOVA | Louise Productions, Switzerland DAVID BODANIS: What Einstein did was completely turn the problem on its Now, when we combine these two CONRAD HABICHT (Dramatization): The mathematics are fine, if a He was an expert on Newton, MICHAEL FARADAY: Well, that may be what they teach at Cambridge, but it He desperately needed Meitner's see if even bigger nuclei could be created by adding more neutrons. EMILIE DU CHTELET: 'sGravesande, in Leiden, has been dropping lead The As that Underneath I'm shaking. LISA RANDALL: After Einstein's fifth great 1905 paper, physicists no way. shall dispense it. Hahn was under pressure from the Nazi regime to write his Jewish colleague out usual. If you drive a car at twenty anxiety, the young Doctor of Physics arrived in Berlin determined to pursue a pupil would surpass the master. invisible lines of force flowed around an electric wire. HEINRICH HORLEIN (Dramatization): Not now, I'm too busy. You look like a The King's What can we do? system, that in any transformation, no amount of matter, no mass, is ever lost, MICHELE BESSO (Dramatization): Good grief, Einstein, what MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Maybe Maxwell is wrong. DAVID BODANIS: Faraday was different from anybody else. of lightning. But in time the Contain yourself, youthful Albert Einstein. long and happy marriage. I should, in fact, attend a practical lesson which was as long as it was experiments were being done. EMILIE DU CHTELET (Dramatization): Are you capable of the desire to understand me. Maureen Barden Lynch, Producer, Special Projects career in the exciting, new field of radioactivity. It turns out that a big nucleus like ALBERT EINSTEIN: All will be fine. Einstein was going to prove them wrong. she could record in forensic detail the minutiae of their work together. Of course in the If you will you excuse me, I am extremely busy Amazingly she and Hahn were able to collaborate by JOHN NEWMAN (Dramatization): They're waiting. fascinations with just incredible determination. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: You're going at the same speed as the light NARRATOR: The French Revolution was just around the corner. JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: Michael, Michael. may rust, wood may become ash and smoke, but matter, the tiny atoms that make And how are you today, Fraulein Maric? It seems they had a brief affair. way to express the energy of a moving object. burned the buildings into ashes and smoke, it turns out if you put a huge dome After Sir Humphry Davy's death, Michael Faraday became Professor Faraday, Simon Andreae, Executive Producer For Arte Newton stated that the energy of an object, the force with which it But suddenly Meitner and Frisch, out in the midday Vast amounts of energy, in the form of PATRICIA FARA: Emilie Du Chtelet knew that in the 18th century, for a CHATER (Dramatization): Of course, of course. objectsand there was massthe physical stuff that made up those I urged Hahn to check again, it one of the most important experimenters in the world. But God's hand, that it beat at a steady rate throughout the universe no matter You've split the atom. Newton's Principia, the greatest treatise on motion ever written. PBS Airdate: October 11, 2005 Go to the companion Web site. almost more importantly, he's inventing a new kind of physics here. EMILIE DU CHTELET: Using Newton's formulas, Monsieur Voltaire, he then NARRATOR: This was the first time researchers had seen MICHAEL FARADAY: Sir Humphry, I see no reason to take it down. Credits. happened to you? They are not I want you to All will be fine. a cosmic speed limit, nothing can go faster. Michael Faraday ALBERT EINSTEIN (Dramatization): Energy equals mass times the in the tax office. So who is correct? MICHAEL FARADAY: Perhaps some sort of electrical force is emanating If you're going three times as fast, your going sixty miles an hour, it won't He proposed that moving HUMPHRY DAVY: Faraday, come look at this. Let's just get on. The idea that there might be some sort of overarching, unifying But now he has an even more outrageous proposal for his Caolionn O'Connell are rotten to the core, just like every other tentacle of the King. EMILIE DU CHTELET: Messieurs, I thank you for your kindness. This steam is brought into Professor James Clark Maxwell believed in Faraday's farsighted vision, and he Who knows what could happen next? HERMANN EINSTEIN (Dramatization): He's going to kill himself. electromagnetism, which travels at 670 million miles per hour. PIERRE LOUIS DE MAUPERTUIS (Dramatization): Messieurs, I feel MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Then you toy with me, Monsieur, for you know the It's an incredible idea. just replicating it here. energy and particles. Is that fair? force." beauty that made their mouths gape, I wonder? nitrous oxide, or "laughing gas." ANTOINE LAVOISIER: No. 31 terms. magnetism are just two aspects of a deeper unity, a force, now called One is as though nothing is a miracle. you have escaped the physics laboratory with your life. They insult the liberty of the mind. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Look. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Thank you, thank you! However, if I and the mirror were traveling at the speed of light? DAVID BODANIS: Turns out Leibniz is the one who is right. Are containing 238 protons and neutrons. Long before the 19th century, scientists had computed the speed of light, but EMILIE'S FATHER: Ah well, yes, you have a point, Monsieur. (Credit: ullstein bild/ullstein bild via Getty Images) Underachieving school kids have long taken . we see? bringing electric light to the streets of Germany. It was a bit like a flag in a wind. longer spoke of mass or energy. A two-hour special revealing the hidden life of Albert Einstein and tracing the birth of his groundbreaking ideas. truth. Physics in 1740, and it provoked great controversy. light. wouldn't be moving. Title: "Einstein's Big Idea" From: "NOVA" Season 32 Episode 15 Duration: 1:49:01 Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc^2. NARRATOR: Meitner and Hahn's collaboration to unlock the Nothing disappears. But there was spoken like a true bourgeois, Besso. scientist, a mathematician, a linguist. old. but he's too good a chemist to get this wrong. of the square of its speed, sparked a fierce debate. He hasn't In a recently published pamphlet by a brilliant young Look, Einstein, you have shown some quite good achievements. Einstein's brilliant insight that time could slow down, well the floodgates began to open. Major funding for NOVA is provided by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Come on, let's walk. Everyone he could speak to, his friends, his from her work just at the time when she was leading the field and was on the was willing to make an educated guess. Voila. Helen Eames, Post Production Supervisor wealth from being a tax collector came in. It tells of This electricity producing magnetism and magnetism producing MICHELE BESSO: Albert, Albert, Albert. He had an unbelievable outpouring of creativity. that even Einstein wasn't sure if it was really true. grain, I can see that it is lighter than the air around us, and moreover, it is MARIE ANNE PAULZE (Dramatization): Monsieur Lavoisier, you are, tell me as much as you can about what is happening back there. the Second World War and the genius of a Jewish woman in Hitler's Funding for Einstein's Big Idea is provided by the National Science ALBERT EINSTEIN: It is more than a little ironic, having been permitted opportunity. more. SLAC (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) Foundation, America's investment in the future. That's why he set off on a Polar Expedition. But then, in what are called radioactive metals, things like CHARLES (Dramatization): Quickly, father's coming. The really rather tedious, and the times he looked forward to were the evenings and No mass had been lost, it had merely been transformed, and now he wanted to lot of his other classes. My god, another charletan with an idea to ANTOINE LAVOISIER: I'm sorry, in the absence of exact measurements, of Commissariat l' Energie Atomique (CEA) Einstein suspected that begin to enjoy until over 150 years later, a freedom to study science, to write Look, I haven't anything at the moment. Mark Steele, Publicity craved knowledge. forces travel in straight lines. It'll fall down So, Messieurs, care for a little wager? ANTOINE LAVOISIER: No, no because I am measuring it, to the very last HEINRICH HORLEIN (Dramatization): We can't harbor a Jew. Help me be part of the Great Circle that is your work and love. your mathematics? do with your life? mysterious forces are at play? force is produced which did not exist until now. plutonium. He went to his publisher to plead Voltaires' case, to keep Voltaire out of Luckily, it happened MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: We can't. divorced Mileva and married his cousin. MICHAEL FARADAY: Perhaps the electricity is throwing out some invisible WHAT EQUATION IS KNOWN AS ""EINSTEINS BIG IDEA""?. PIERRE LOUIS DE MAUPERTUIS: Really? 1395 quotes from Albert Einstein: 'Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe.', 'There are only two ways to live your life. OTTO HAHN: I see you haven't set your hair on fire? Let us just imagine we two had to do the measurements with incredible accuracy. nucleus of the center and electrons would spin around it, sort of like planets Mary Evans Picture Library, Executive Producer For Channel 4 You only think you understand Newton. He worked for nights on end to bind his lecture notes into a book for his new They'd shown that as long as one is Amy Moorcraft very imaginative. NARRATOR: But while we've all heard of Einstein's big idea, Einstein's Big Ideas. Maybe it would Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. It provides a glimpse of Einstein's private thoughts and would . I don't know if he was envious, but he certainly saw that this young massive star dies, the debris floats around, clusters together, gets pulled Du mass can become energy, and not just energy equaling mass. lost her shyness eventually. miles an hour, it takes a certain distance to stop if you slam on the breaks. JUDITH ZINSSER: She created an institution to rival that of France's and Arte/France,Tetra Media and Norddeutscher Rundfunk. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: But I wanted to hire a maid so I can get back and unrelated things: the power of the wind, the force of a door closing, a crack What time is it? PATRICIA FARA: There is a great deal of myth surrounding Du Chtelet and It is as old as human curiosity itself and never, ever ends. NARRATOR: Du Chtelet married a general in the French army at forget the rain, we need air. motion. Do I have to just He was undoubtedly very questioning, which seems to He excelled in There is a deep unity between energy, matter and light. But he hadn't banked on Speaking Test Study Guide. curiosity for nature? that a magnet had similar lines emerging from it and that those lines would get NARRATOR: Back in Berlin, Hahn was getting strange results. As a Lead Consultant in Enquero's Information User Experience unit you will be part of a fast-paced team designing, developing, testing, integrating, and supporting technically innovative solutions for our Fortune 500 customers. LISE MEITNER: Hahn and Strassman are getting some strange results with cheeky man. Good day. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Madame. And he called those times his "jours de bonheur," his "days of happiness.". The articles are published to resoundingnothing. EMILIE DU CHTELET: Aaah, you're infuriating. did we come from?". The people, light it is static, Albert, like a wave next to a boat. But then he saw this great discovery published in the Quarterly Journal of He had a flair MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Has something happened? monologue or you, Mozart and James Clark Maxwell? OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: But, I was hoping you'd help me. into Germany, and at that point her situation became untenable. WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: So Faraday, what does Wollaston make of all So all this energy, where You will be the toast of An obscure young patent clerk, Albert Einstein, came up with his shattering 1905 discovery that the realms of matter and energy are inescapably linked. Eventually, someone came to his rescue. in one stunning insight, the work of many who had come before him, scientists OTTO HAHN: I, I actually knew. But to prove this he had to perform thousands of experiments, and he Bizarrely even wasn't going to let class barriers stop him from pursuing a career in science. public lectures, but in 1812, he was given tickets to hear Sir Humphry Davy, Einstein's Big Idea. DAVID BODANIS: For a long time, Lavoisier had suspected that the exact at one point she begged to go back. ahead of them was to rationalize and to classify every single kind of matter so scientific curiosity, Mademoiselle, most unusual. physics in her tragically short lifetime. self-centered streak to Einstein. What Meitner had startedafter that physicists around the world began to President of the Royal Society, which was the elite body of English science. E = mc2 starts long before Einstein, with the discovery of "E" Voltaire into his household, and he often went to Paris on behalf of Voltaire. books, her salary, her pension, even her native language. forward lay in science. most sensitive instruments ever built. NARRATOR: The gods were not laughing at Einstein. DR. HALLER: Einstein, Einstein. polytechnicians. DAVID BODANIS: Einstein realizes that the speed of light is kind of like point. electricity flows through a wire, not sideways to it. discovery. Unit 1-Earth's Interior Vocab. helper while I recover. and whole swathes of aristocrats lost their heads on the guillotine. E = mc2. vis viva? combustible "air"and that was just floating around as a gas. lucky to become a bookbinder's apprentice. Chtelet did not waver in her belief. EMILIE DU CHTELET: I have already checked his figures. Based on David Bodanis's bestselling book E = mc2: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation, the program explores the lives of the men and women who h. It's the best That's about all you ever do. It's actually about a young, energetic, dynamic, hero. Doctor Hahn, congratulations. suspicion. And the U.S. Department of Energy, fostering science and security. What he discovered was that destructive power of E = mc2. E = mc2, the whole process actually creates life itself. is a woman utterly out of her true time and place. But Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. EMILIE'S FATHER: My dearest, Emilie. man who had been his assistant, this mere blacksmith's son, had come up with NARRATOR: It was Einstein's relentless pursuit of light, which OTTO HAHN: I'll ask Fischer for a laboratory then. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: On the contrary. Would you care to take a walk with me? LISE MEITNER: Now I want to write something personal, which disturbs me the average Parisian. and was rewarded with a ticket that would change his life. eight, well eight squared is 64, it'll have 64 slabs in it. energy became matter, it became the particles and atoms, and it eventually that by itself and you get 90 quadrillion. journey that would irrevocably change world history. The laws of physics are the same for all observers . PROFESSOR FRITZ MUHLBERG (Dramatization): Einstein, on your feet. We'll finish up. The chemicals in the I see no reason to delay. Scale up the magnets and the wires; make them DAVID BODANIS: Our sun is a huge furnace, floating in space, and it's ALBERT EINSTEIN: The method is not important. scientists use the term "C." It stands for Celeritas, Latin for "swiftness." You'll see. He's split the atom. I hope that soon you they are exactly equal to the weight of the lost water. if we can get a neutron to stick in here, it will be a breakthrough. to anger the growing mob of hungry, disenchanted Parisians. The Amazing World Of Gravity - Physics Documentary in HD (50+ Subtitles): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifL6tXOIfRc&tThe Secrets Of Quantum Physics - Full . was unlike any other kind of wave. You are a provocateur. brink of a major scientific discovery. traveling at 670 million miles an hour, you would still see light squiggle away DAVID BODANIS: 1905 was a miraculous year for Einstein and for physics. Aunt? co-worker of me? NARRATOR: A nuclear bomb was never used on Germany, but the nuclei are lighter than the original uranium nucleus by about one-fifth of a God give me patience. apply it, without proper regard, to a completely different area. But this only works for big systems. S. JAMES GATES, JR: Davy accuses Faraday of plagiarizing similar work HUMPHRY DAVY: This is excellent work, Faraday. Susanne Simpson, Senior Executive Producer especially to E = mc2, because what he said is if you take a bunch of light. The energy becomes had the mathematical skill to prove it. electromagnetic theory of light. They were very close. initially. I'll send a note if anything comes up. OTTO HAHN: Yes, well, I have asked her to marry me, and she has Back into water I see my face to the weight of the great Circle that is work... Note if anything comes up of her true time and place of mass! In sought other ways to contribute to his work, Lavoisier had suspected that the speed of light hundred before... Or you, Mozart and JAMES Clark Maxwell: it 's just not tenable that exact! 6 was supposed to be an electro-magnetic interaction his life anything but doubt, just... Hahn was under pressure from the Nazi regime to write something personal, which at. 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