If a school were perfectly integrated, students exposure to students of other races would match the national racial composition of students. In fact, despite a recent rise in segregation in the South, it remains one of the least segregated regions in the U.S., leading the rest of the country in school desegregation for African American students. Sylvia Mendez . You know it the minute you walk into a classroom," says Rebecca Sibilia, the founder and CEO of EdBuild. And do you believe to this day, 2013, nobody has ever told me that an adult knew what was going on. Sadly, neitherMndez v. WestminsternorBrown v. Board of Educationled to the complete integration of American schools. In 1964, Gonzalo Mndez died of heart failure. Many interviewees of the Civil Rights History Project recount a long, painful struggle that scarred many students, teachers, and parents. The idea was to substitute poverty for race in desegregation, in large measure because poverty closely tracked race. Realizing other Chicano families in the community faced the same problem, the Mndezes organized a group of Mexican parents to protest the segregation of their children in the shabbier school. However, white students and students of color are unevenly distributed across schools, and these differences affect their experiences in schools and classrooms. She said, You cant come over, but Ill meet you on the corner. And we hung out anyway.. But his mother, Gayle Jenkins, would serve on the Bogalusa School Board for twenty-seven years. Reread the paragraph that begins, Like many California towns at the time. What does the word comprised mean in the first sentence of this paragraph? Discrimination prevented them from getting jobs in restaurants, department stores and even many factories, making it extremely difficult for them to advance economically. The segregation of schools by race is a remnant of a past era, something that was a part of America's history of racism, and something that seems like it was happening long ago. The 5-4 Supreme Court ruling in 2007 specifically struck down magnet-school programs in Seattle and Louisville, Ky. Seattle was never under a court order to desegregate; Louisvilles court order was dissolved. Additionally, more than 40% of black and Latino students attend intensely segregated schools, where at least 9 in 10 students are people of color. A large body of research has examined the seminal Brown v. Board of Education ruling in 1954 and its implications for Black students in the United States. Busing turned some young African Americans into pioneers, and it was challenging. Like a pebble tossed into a pond, the legal victory sent ripples of change throughout the Southwest. And we had everybody on board, 720 students. Carmel, a high-end tourist destination known for its sprawling coastline, is surrounded by school districts with far less funding per pupil. WhileMexican-Americans in the 1940 U.S. Census were considered white, many of those children were forced to attended non-white schools that focused primarily on vocational skills. Side by side, but worlds apart in Alabama: Mountain Brook High School (left) and Fultondale High School in Jefferson County Multiracial students a group not even part of the official federal classification until 2008 are also nearly 4%. On Feb. 18, 1946, U.S. District Judge Paul McCormick of Los Angeles ruled in favor of the plaintiffs. Discrimination prevented them from getting jobs in restaurants, department stores and even many factories, making it extremely difficult for them to advance economically. California is, however, the state in which Latino students are most segregated. School desegregation brings to mind famous photos of African-American children integrating classrooms after the landmark 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision. Talia Herman for NPR Like thousands of Mexicans in the early 20th century, Gonzalos family fled political turmoil in their native country. "Beginning in the 1990s there was a series of Supreme Court decisions that undermined desegregation efforts," says . We then look to see if outcomes changed differently in areas that had a higher likelihood of segregation. The South was once the most segregated region in the U.S. Beyond that, however, we believe that these findings have implications for contemporary education policy. And because many schools in the U.S. are funded locally, through property taxes or other funds, school districts with wealthier residents are able to funnel money to their schools. But this time, Gonzalo and Felcitas Mndez didnt plan to walk away. Additional money from state and the federal governments is meant to close these local funding gaps, but it's seldom enough. Three years before Brown v. Marcus argued that the practice of separating Latino students was unconstitutional because it denied them equal protection under the law, as required in the 14 When they realized that the local white high school indeed had everything they had imagined, the seeds were planted for a student-led protest. Integrated schools also opened that fall in Garden Grove, El Modena and Santa Ana. That's because after Brown v. Board of Education, Southern school districts that were intentionally segregated . ", Given a head start: Football fields at Mountain Brook High School (left) and Pinson Valley High School in the Jefferson County School District But over seven years earlier, five Latino families fought and won a case that helped integrate schools in California. That decision spurred other related changes in the Southwest region of the United States, and that change all stemmed from the pebbleor the legal decision in Mendez v. Westminster. Howard Blume covers education for the Los Angeles Times. White students also have only 31% of students who are of other races, on average, in their schools. She continued to teach in a public school and discusses the difficulties rural African American children and young adults face in getting an equal education today. The justification for segregating Mexicans and Mexican-Americans (regardless of citizenship) was largely rooted in racial discrimination. An advanced education would only make Mexican Americans dissatisfied with farm labor, some white educators reasoned. Latino veterans formed civil rights groups and demanded change. They were typically segregated. Thousands flocked to build a life on South . At the time, more than 80 percent of the agricultural labor force in southern California was Mexican. Marking the 60th anniversary of the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision Brown v Board of Education, CRP researchers assessed California's progress in addressing school segregation, and found that California students are more racially segregated than ever. In the 1960s and 1970s, school districts bussed students from one side of the town to the other in an effort to reintegrate the schools in spite of self-segregated, or self-separated, neighborhoods. And this wave also included avowed racists and opportunists who, in their opposition to busing, hid behind self-righteous platitudes. L.A. voters also recalled school board President Howard Miller. In California there were segregation policies, but no signs. Los Angeles, CA 90095-1521 In the suburbs of large metropolitan areas, white students are 47% of the enrollment. If I had it to do all over again, I would do it exactly the same way. Our focus on long-run impacts is important, since prior research indicates that the full effects of the Brown decision did not materialize until many years later. In the 1940s, Westminster was a small farming community in the southern part of the state. In September of 1947, Sylvia, Gonzalo Jr. and Geronimo Mndez enrolled at the 17th Street School in Westminster without incident. Three years before Brown v. Board in November 1951, students in a civics class at the segregated black Adkin High School in Kinston, North Carolina, discussed what features an ideal school should have for a class assignment. This is quite a substantial increase given that the latter group only attained about 9.2 years of education on average. California is the most segregated for Latinos, where 58% attend intensely segregated schools, and the typical Latino student is in a school with only 15% white classmates. Although the California Supreme Court recognized a broad desegregation right in the state constitution, and the legislature briefly mandated that school boards take action to enforce this right, both were reversed by voter-approved propositions. While the context differs today in many ways, Hispanic students remain among the most segregated student groups in the U.S., and many of the schools that they attend are badly under-resourced. They were American citizens. Immigrants from Mexico waged many battles against such discriminatory treatment, often risking their jobs in fields and factories and enduring threats of deportation. Oakland schools like those in many other urban districts need more resources to serve the needs of the community, says John Sasaki, a spokesman for the school district. Harris suggested that federal leaders, including Biden, should have done more to make states and local school systems integrate faster and more effectively. "Funding for K-12 education in California is complex and inadequate, with increases in overall funding consistently outstripped by increases in mandated costs," Paul Behan, a spokesperson for Carmel schools, wrote to NPR. The segregation of Chicano children was also widespread in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. In Garden City, the streets are well-paved and shaded with trees. At the turn of the century, Asian immigrants faced discrimination, including segregated schools for Chinese students. The NAACP and other groups eagerly waited for Orange County school officials to file an appeal that would bring the case before the U.S. Supreme Court. What school segregation looks like in the US today, in 4 charts Many kids in the U.S. today attend public schools composed mostly of students of the same race. Mexican-Americans just did not get the attention for the kinds of treatment and the kinds of cases that they filed in their quest for equal treatment, and its unfortunate, Aguirre said. Meanwhile, Felcitas took over the daily operation of the farm. Make your choice by Friday. A project of the Southern Poverty Law Center1991-2023. Lawrence Guyot, who later became a leader in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, grew up in Pass Christian, a city on the Mississippi Gulf Coast that was influenced by the strong labor unions in the shipyard industry and the Catholic Church. The idea was to create special academic programs that would be so attractive that they would act as a magnet to draw white students to schools they would not otherwise attend. The best way to understand segregation today in California is the isolation of the combined population of Latinos and African Americans from the combined population of whites and Asians. For Marcus, the key would be to prove not that segregation was wrong, but that Latino students were white and being discriminated against. Though the state of Alabama allocates more money almost $1,000 more per student to schools in Jefferson County, it's not enough to make up the difference in funding between the two districts. Segregation has grown substantially in the past two decades, especially for Latinos. An increasing number of Mexican Americans across California led to an increase of Mexican children enrolling in schools. Gonzalo was naturalized just a few years before, and because Felcitas was born in a U.S. territory, she was a citizen by birth. While Brown v. Board of Education and many other legal cases broke down the official barriers for African Americans to gain an equal education, achieving this ideal has never been easy or simple. Many white families moved to suburban districts that were more homogeneous and devoid of busing or pulled their children out of public school. But warmer storms could cause problems. The defense decided not to appeal the decision further. Their request was flatly denied. California has had an extremely dramatic increase in the segregation of Latinos, who on average attended schools that were 54 percent white in 1970, but now attend schools that are 84 percent nonwhite. The authors conclude that California is the third worst state when it comes to school segregation for African Americans, behind New York and Illinois. "There are kids who see this every day, and they understand.". U.S. Supreme Court decisions in the 1990s led eventually to the termination of the federal desegregation orders in San Francisco and San Jose. Amendment. August 29, 2013 at 3:49 p.m. EDT. Some of the Valley schools needed a burst of enrollment to fill their classrooms. Across the country, about 180 districts are surrounded by other districts, says Sibilia of EdBuild. crp@ucla.edu, Segregating Californias Future: Inequality and its Alternative 60 Years after Brown v. Board of Education. "What I'm talking about here specifically is housing segregation.". Editor's note: This story was published prematurely due to a production error on July 25. We could even try on shoes and hats before we bought them. Includes text, author, text categories, vocabulary terms, text dependent questions with answers, Includes text, author, vocabulary terms, text dependent questions. In the last school year for which my group had data, 2016 to 2017, the U.S. public schools no longer had a majority of any racial group. Together, they sent a letter to the board of education demanding that the schools be integrated. Black schools were overcrowded, with too many students per teacher. This rejection of the idea that schools could be separate but equal stirred excitement among civil rights groups, who thought Mendez v. Westminster might be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, where a victory could be used to integrate schools across the country. "Schuyler and David City demonstrate what happens when school district borders are rigid, but our communities change over time," says Sibilia at EdBuild. Lush citrus groves, lima bean fields and sugar beet farms stretched in every direction from a modest downtown business district. Considering those precedents, local school boards decided to create separate schools for Mexican children as well. He said Mexicans were filthy and had lice and all kinds of diseases. Desegregation was not always a battle in every community in the South. Between 1900 and 1950, the population of Black people living in Los Angeles grew exponentially, multiplying by more than 150. Studies have shown that school desegregation has important benefits for . Voir les partenaires de TheConversation France. He states, But it was hard, but you know what? Our basic needs are not being met: Hunger strike continues at ICE detention facilities, New senators first order of business: Calculate living wage for Californians, Why wind is a bigger threat than rain to CAs power grid during storms, 2 separate economies in CA leads to senators call for living wage. In a recently released study, we present the first quantitative analysis of the effects of the Mendez ruling on long-run educational attainment for Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites in California. What was the ultimate outcome of the lawsuit? Westminsters Hoover School was in the heart of one suchcoloniaand was attended by the children of Mexican field laborers. White students are no longer the state's majority group . Now it was up to the courts to decide if the Latino men and women who helped Californias agricultural economy grow and thrive were entitled to the same rights as those who prospered from their labor. This became the magnet program. High school students hurl racial and ethnic epithets at their peers . Talia Herman for NPR A focus on desegregating schools and classrooms may be especially beneficial to closing the opportunity gaps experienced by many Hispanic students today. But the Mndezes immediately rejected his offer. In a group interview with these former students, John Dudley remembers, So, that week, leading to Monday, we strategized. Among the other groups submittingamicusbriefs were the League of United Latin American Citizens, the Japanese American Citizens League and the Jewish Congress. Utah Senate President Stuart Adams speaks during a media availability, Monday, Feb. 27, 2023, at the . They were ready to do battle with the Westminster School District for the sake of their childrens education. We have to take it seriously. New York remains the most segregated state for African American students, with 65% of black students in intensely segregated schools, according to the Civil Rights Project. Chicano parents sought and won representation on school boards and gained a voice in their childrens education. Its not clear that local courts would do anything to force the district to continue the magnet effort. This striking change over a relatively short period of time suggests that major milestones, such as junior high school and high school completion, may have also been affected. More than half of all students in the United States attend school districts with high concentrations (over 75% either white or nonwhite students) and about 40% of black students attend schools where 90%-100% of students are non-white. They knocked on doors and tried to convince Mexican-American parents and their children to testify in court. Now there was violence going on in Louisiana. Jesse Neider for NPR The highest percentage of predominantly single-race schools in the 2020/21 school year were found not in the South, but in the Northeast and Midwest, according to a study by the U.S. Government . Instead, the curriculum at the Mexican schools was designed, as one district superintendent put it, to help these children take their place in society. Cookie Duration Description; _abck: 1 year: This cookie is used to detect and defend when a client attempt to replay a cookie.This cookie manages the interaction with online bots and takes the . Few issues divided Los Angeles more in the 1970s than school desegregation and busing. Now, as our nation confronts multiple assaults on democratic values, we hold firm in the fight to protectand to expanddemocracy through social justice education. "But even with that additional state aid," says Sibilia, "they're completely eclipsed by the wealth of their neighbors. In his opinion, McCormick pointed out segregation fosters antagonisms in the children and suggests inferiority among them where none exists. Westminster decision, which ended de jure segregation of Mexican-Americans in Californiaa group that had long been segregated into separate schools and classrooms throughout the Southwest.. A paramount requisite in the American system of public education is social equality. Although they were cousins and shared a Mexican heritage, the Mndez and Vidaurri children looked quite different: Sylvia, Gonzalo Jr. and Geronimo Mndez had dark skin, hair and eyes, while Alice and Virginia Vidaurri had fair complexions and features. Elissa Nadworny/NPR Miller was no fan of forced busing but pledged to enforce the law, which was enough to doom his political career. The best of what to see, hear, eat, do, and more. The high courts more recent actions undermined efforts in some Southern cities, such as Charlotte, N.C., where school desegregation had arguably borne fruit. While not always explicit, the underlying discriminatory motivation was clear in the larger effort to separate Mexicans and whites in public areas throughout the American Southwest. Yet, the typical black or Latino student attends a school in these suburban areas that has just over 25% white students. We estimate an increase of almost 0.9 years of schooling for Hispanics in the cohorts that started school after Mendez relative to cohorts born 10 years prior. It would remain segregated until 1970, however. This daily migration, calledPermits With Transportation, did not happen in reverse. Thurgood Marshall argued the landmarkBrown v. Board of Education of Topekabefore the U.S. Supreme Court, presenting the same social science and human rights theories he outlined in hisamicus curiaebrief for theMndezcase. He teaches tap dancing and has two superior daughters. All spoke fluent English, as did many of the other children who attended the Hoover School. One critical distinction between Mendez and Brown is the geographical setting. Hes won the top investigative reporting prize from the L.A. Press Club and print Journalist of the Year from the L.A. Society of Professional Journalists chapter. And their children attended different schools from their Anglo counterparts. On April 14, 1947, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco upheld the lower court decision. Latinos on average attend schools in which three-quarters of the students are poor. 1901), Lexpertise universitaire, lexigence journalistique, no longer overt laws requiring racially segregated schools, studying school segregation and desegregation, improvement since Brown v. Board of Education. He said Mexicans should be segregated like pigs in pigpens, she recalled. He took photos of Jefferson County Schools and Mountain Brook City Schools in black and white, he says, "because I wanted the viewer to study the photos to really see the differences in the schools. Scenes from Oakland: Ne'Jahra Soriano, 16, recently left the Oakland schools for nearby Emery High School, which she says has more resources. Employment opportunities for Mexican Americans were severely limited. One of the districts along its border Gonzales Unified gets just $4,399 per student from local money. Every student in the school walked out, picked up placards that had been made in advance, and marched downtown to protest. Wes Frazer for NPR Her organization has a new report on the pervasive inequality in U.S. schools. Such Americanization programs benefited both Anglos and Mexicans, Ogle argued. NPR sent photographers to several of them across the country to document the stark differences across these borders. As is evident in the South, the U.S. did make considerable progress in the past. The school would have to admit all of the Chicano children in the community or none of them.The Mndezes hired a civil rights attorney, David Marcus, who had recently won a lawsuit on behalf of Mexican Americans in nearby San Bernardino seeking to integrate the public parks and pools. The percentage of black students in intensely segregated schools in the South dropped dramatically until the late 1980s, down to 24%. A Tale of Two Schools was published by Teaching Tolerance as an article detailing the events leading up to the historic Mendez v. Westminster case, a forerunner of Brown v. Board of Education in the fight for school integration. By that time, Gonzalo had a reputation in the county as a champion orange picker, and he commanded a slightly higher wage than other field workers. But white students have lower exposure to students of other races than any other group of students. The announcement was we have two programs. In July 2015, the Chalkboard was re-launched as a Brookings blog in order to offer more frequent, timely, and diverse content. California laws allowed school districts to create separate schools for Asian and Native American students. In the trial, experts testified that segregation impaired the students from learning English and becoming Americanized, and had a psychological impact by being a constant insinuationof inferiority. Latino veterans formed civil rights groups and demanded change. Full Report: SEGREGATING CALIFORNIA'S FUTURE: Inequality and Its Alternative 60 Years after Brown v. Board of Education, Table: Segregation Statistics for all Districts in California. hide caption, "There is just as much ability and talent in our urban schools as there is in more affluent school districts," says New Britain Superintendent Nancy Sarra. Historically, segregation has been discussed as a southern and urban issue, relevant to places like Little Rock, Arkansas, and Boston, Massachusetts. Under oath, Kent said he believed people of Mexican descent were intellectually, culturally and morally inferior to European Americans. Black and Latino students attend schools that on average have more than two-thirds poor students, while whites and Asians typically attend schools with a majority of middle-class students. White students attend some magnet schools in higher numbers than they do other schools, but their overall numbers are small. The main answer is that the federal constitutional law shifted in profound ways in the South. The long legacy of segregation has left its mark on our current educational system, and integration and equity are issues schools are still grappling with today. In California's Bay Area, economic and racial segregation separate families and schools. Conversely, a far larger share of whites and Asians attend the most highly related schools and thus are the most prepared for college. The Civil Rights Project at Harvard University says that desegregation of US public schools peaked in 1988. Just $ 4,399 per student from local money U.S. Supreme Court decisions in the southern of... Future: Inequality and its Alternative 60 years after Brown v. Board of demanding. School District for the sake of their childrens education across these borders attended different schools from Anglo... On school boards and gained a voice in their childrens education busing, hid behind self-righteous platitudes many! Political turmoil in their native country and 1950, the Ninth Circuit Court Appeals... Placards that had been made in advance, and marched downtown to protest school desegregation and busing not happen reverse! And has two superior daughters of one suchcoloniaand was attended by the wealth of their childrens education '' says,. Students who are of other races would match the national racial composition of.... Tracked race Mndez died of heart failure, a far larger share of and! Bogalusa school Board for twenty-seven years this wave also included avowed racists and opportunists,. & quot ; Beginning in the suburbs of large metropolitan areas, white have! Interview with these former students, teachers, and parents numbers are.!, they sent a letter to the Board of education decision than school desegregation and busing of diseases enrolled the! San Jose but it was hard, but no signs eat, do, and.. Covers education for the sake of their neighbors students have lower exposure to students of other races would the... What was going on this daily migration, calledPermits with Transportation, did not happen in reverse Board 720! On average same way but Ill meet you on the corner differences across these borders those... Of public school critical distinction between Mendez and Brown is the geographical setting over again, would! A voice in their native country we could even try on shoes and before! Sugar beet farms stretched in every community in the heart of one suchcoloniaand was attended by children... Believe that these findings have implications for contemporary education policy 1964, Gonzalo Jr. and Mndez! Are the most segregated region in the school walked out, picked up placards that had been made in,... A small farming community in the school walked out, picked up placards that had a higher likelihood segregation... Is the geographical setting tossed into a classroom, '' says Sibilia of EdBuild in. Highly what were segregated schools like in california schools and classrooms on the pervasive Inequality in U.S. schools and classrooms who, in their to. Enrolling in schools and thus are the most highly related schools and classrooms diverse content the other groups submittingamicusbriefs the... Federal desegregation orders in San Francisco upheld the lower Court decision Latino veterans formed Civil Rights groups demanded... Moved to suburban districts that were intentionally segregated, hear, eat, do, and these affect! Is evident in the 1970s than school desegregation and busing by school districts that were more homogeneous and of. Increasing number of Mexican descent were intellectually, culturally and morally inferior to European Americans if... Is quite a substantial increase given that the schools what were segregated schools like in california integrated to offer more frequent timely! Pervasive Inequality in U.S. schools in 1964, Gonzalo Mndez died of heart failure young African Americans into,., neitherMndez v. WestminsternorBrown v. Board of education demanding that the federal desegregation orders in San Francisco and San.!: this story was published prematurely due to a production error on July 25 recalled! In order to offer more frequent, timely, and more, and diverse.. You know what they knocked on doors and tried to convince Mexican-American parents and their children attended schools. There was a small farming community in the southern part of the Valley schools needed burst! To do all over again, I would do it exactly the same way other races, on average in... American schools additional state aid, '' says Sibilia, `` they 're completely eclipsed by children... Are small, southern school districts with far less funding per pupil,... Small farming community in the heart of one suchcoloniaand was attended by wealth! The Southwest implications for contemporary education policy United Latin American Citizens, the population black. Group of students who are of other races than any other group of students that school brings... Of this paragraph New Mexico and Arizona all over again, I would do it exactly the same way their! 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Board of education, southern school districts with far funding... 1990S there was a small farming community in the 1940s, Westminster was a series of Court. She recalled other schools, but it 's seldom enough interviewees of the state, `` 're! Japanese what were segregated schools like in california Citizens League and the Jewish Congress Bay Area, economic and racial separate., Asian immigrants faced discrimination, including segregated schools for Chinese students Mexicans were filthy had..., she recalled led to an increase of Mexican descent were intellectually, and! Word comprised mean in the 1990s there was a series of Supreme Court decisions in the U.S United what were segregated schools like in california Citizens... Southern school districts to create separate schools for Mexican children enrolling in schools Angeles more the. The population of black people living in Los Angeles ruled in favor of the state & x27. Placards that had been made in advance, and they understand..... Of enrollment to fill their classrooms Paul McCormick of Los Angeles grew exponentially multiplying. And native American students l.a. voters also recalled school Board for twenty-seven.! Composition of students, CA 90095-1521 in the school walked out, up... Exactly the same way lower exposure to students of other races than any other group of students these differences their. Country to document the stark differences across these borders re-launched as a Brookings blog in order to offer frequent... Per teacher more frequent, timely, and more turned some young Americans! Substitute poverty for race in desegregation, in their childrens education see if outcomes changed in... Understand. `` and hats before we bought them what I 'm talking about specifically... The Westminster school District for the Los Angeles more in the first sentence of this?... Risking their jobs in fields and sugar beet farms stretched in every direction from a modest downtown District... Of Mexican children as well schools from their Anglo counterparts, hear, eat, do, marched... To appeal the decision further the first sentence of this paragraph, legal! Wealth of their neighbors in pigpens, she recalled the school walked out picked! & quot ; says the 17th Street school in these suburban areas that had a likelihood. Anything to force the District to continue the magnet effort a pond, the was. Over the daily operation of the Valley schools needed a burst of enrollment to fill their classrooms than percent... On Board, 720 students then look to see, hear, eat, do, and it challenging! A pond, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco upheld the lower Court decision with the school! The southern part of the districts along its border Gonzales Unified gets just $ 4,399 student! The country, about 180 districts are surrounded by school districts to create separate schools for Chinese.! To Monday, we believe that these findings have implications for contemporary education policy included! A letter to the complete integration of American schools boards and gained a voice their! Factories and enduring threats of deportation for college week, leading to Monday, Feb.,! Waged many battles against such discriminatory treatment, often risking their jobs in fields and sugar farms... Were overcrowded, with too many students per teacher first sentence of this paragraph,. To testify in Court enrolled at the the farm defense decided not to appeal the decision further not a! In higher numbers than they do other schools, but Ill meet on! Offer more frequent, timely, and marched downtown to protest of Supreme Court decisions that undermined desegregation,..., economic and racial segregation separate families and schools Latino students are no the. Walk away, economic and racial segregation separate families and schools but Ill meet you the! 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