The economic struggles that plagued the late Imperial system, coupled with the tax laws, certainly played a part in the demise of the world's greatest empire. However, they did not start from zero. During the later Middle Ages some German and Italian cities introduced several direct taxes: head taxes for the poor and net-worth taxes or, occasionally, crude income taxes for the rich. In 449 B.C., the Roman government passed the Law of the Twelve Tables, regulating much of commercial, social, and family life. A poll tax imposed on the inhabitants of the Roman provinces who, in the early Roman period, were not legally Roman citizens (who were exempt from the Tributum capitis). Hi there, I need a little help for this question. The meaning in Hebrew of the word day always means a 24 hour period of time. Wives were tortured to bear witness against their husbands and sons were strapped to the rack to force them to reveal their fathers assets. Additionally, the collection involved many different Roman and local institutions as well as officials, and private tax farmers who leased tributa in Republican times and vectigalia both during the Republic and the Empire. Collect taxes If you didn't do the census well, the second part was impossible. The once strong currency of the denarii transformed into something so worthless soldiers refused to be paid in it and tax collectors refused to accept it. T/F. Pecunia non olet meaning, "money does not stink" was a famous phrase coined as a result of this tax levied by the . The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. shipping. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". By so doing, all debts and economic ramifications were passed from one senatorial generation to the next, ruining entire families and never allowing for a recovery that could benefit an entire community. How did taxes affect ancient Rome? The higher your wealth class, the more you paid in taxes, which were then used to buy equipment for the military. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . 1 How did a common currency help the economy in the Roman empire? Arguments for tax reform, particularly in the area of income taxes, are perennially at issue in the domestic politics of many countries. - A.D. 14): Augustus reforms the Roman monetary and taxation systems issuing new, almost pure gold and silver coins, and new brass and copper ones, and also introduces three new taxes: a general sales tax, a land tax, and a flat-rate poll tax. In the first episode, he considers payment in two forms of currencyImperial credits and Calamari flanin addition to ingots of a metal called Beskar, which is used to form the distinctive Mandalorian armor and is therefore more valuable than any other currency, at least to our protagonist. In the ancient world, military victory usually meant a share of the loot taken from the conquered, so participating on the winning side of a conflict offered incentives to Rome's new allies. Thus, shortly after the murder of Caligula, the new emperor Claudius (reg. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 1. A tax on unmarried men and women who were able to bear children. Slaves Were Lifeless Tools in the Ancient World, Meaning of Names, Places & Things in the Bible, Gardens and the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, The Roman Phalanx & Hannibals Pincer Movement. Eventually, so much urine was used and collected that a tax was imposed by the Roman emperor. According to ancient Roman writers, the Roman Republic emerged in 509 B.C., after the last king of . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 1. In this respect, the tax measures of Caligula (reg. And like all . Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Special tolls on money traders and companies were also imposed to help increase the tax collections. What helped increase trade in the Roman empire? In the time of Julius Caesar, a 1 percent general sales tax was introduced (centesima rerum venalium). The level of most taxes has risen substantially and so has the ratio of tax revenues to the national income. In the opening passage when He tells the Jews to render unto Caesar the things that are Caesars, he was telling them to pay their taxes. In Constantines reform of ad 312, the aureus was replaced by the solidus as the basic monetary unit. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The tax reforms were so rigid and unwavering that many people were driven to starvation and bankruptcy. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); I suspect I am not the only lawyer who has lost trust in the, VAT is an engine of economic decline. My question is where did the tributum capitis go? e Declaration should also give women and slaves rights. Protected by Rome and allowed to continue their religion, everything was fine until rebellion in Judaea led to a major change in the practice of their faith. Along with other factors, this led to hyperinflation, a fractured economy, localization of trade, heavy taxes, and a financial crisis that crippled Rome. Trade was vital to Ancient Rome. Although the Treaty was a huge step towards a unified Europe, the trap of historical inevitability meant that these benefits were not always assured to happen (Berlin, 1955). It is not surprising, therefore, that the first direct levies were head and land taxes. Although views on what is appropriate in tax policy influence the choice and structure of tax codes, patterns of taxation throughout history can be explained largely by administrative considerations. Caesar Augustus was one of ancient Rome's most successful leaders who led the transformation of Rome from a republic to an empire. Similarly, the exemption for small heritages (perhaps up to 1,000 sestertii) was a beneficence of the emperor to the normal citizens only secondarily. Required fields are marked *. tax farmers had toprovide sufficient revenues torepay their advance to the state plus enough to cover the opportunity cost of the funds (i.e., interest),the transactions cost ofconverting . A 2.5% customs duty tax on all incoming and outgoing goods by land or sea in the Gallic provinces. The principal of these was the tributum, paid by citizens and usually levied as a head tax; later, when additional revenue was required, the base of this tax was extended to real estate holdings. Though perhaps not the core issue, the greatest burden to the average citizen could easily have been the extreme tax burden. And safe food. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Find the answer to the question here: how did taxation benefit ancient rome This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. The Roman economy during the Roman Republic, was largely agrarian and centered on the trading of commodities such as grain and wine. Augustus and the empire 1 See answer Advertisement shadcyan Tax farming was replaced by direct taxation early in the Empire and each province was required to pay a wealth tax of about 1% and a flat poll tax on each adult. A showpiece of how an emperor could combine fiscal provision, care of important social groups and his own interests is the 5% inheritance tax (vicesima hereditatium) introduced by Augustus (reg. Wealthy Romans had many responsibilities and few days off. Firstly, Rome was generous when granting its citizenship. Through examining tax documents and other ancient texts in detail, this book offers innovative . They had multiple rooms, servants quarters, pools, and gardens. A new analysis of calcium formations on the skull suggest he was 128,000 to 187,000 years old, making the DNA extracts the . Those were the following: public services, protect rights, rule of law, prepare for a common defense, and support the economic system. I studied 5 difference purposes of government to learn more about Ancient Rome. Jesus sent out 70 Disciples to preach His Good News. . The Romans also learned their alphabet and numbers from the Etruscans. T/F, 3. For example, because imported products are easier to tax than domestic output, import duties were among the earliest taxes. ZOSIMUS, A LATE 5TH CENTURY WRITER TELLS US AS A RESULT OF THIS EXACTION OF TAXES, CITY AND COUNTRYSIDE WERE FULL OF LAMENTS AND COMPLAINTS, AND ALL SOUGHT THE HELP OF THE BARBARIANS.. The population of the city of Rome was one million and such a vast population required all manner of things brought back via trade. Reign of Augustus Caesar (30 B.C. The Plebeians Revolt 'Altamura Man' was found in southern Italy in 1993. 705-711. In this way, the Publicani increased their own wealth, but eventually the state would reap the benefit of increased collections down the line. Some attribute the fall of the great empire to many things, one of which has a contemporary ring to it: The Roman Empire deteriorated due to oppressive taxation. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The inscription records that on his return to Rhodiapolis, the messenger informed the leader with great joy, and in honour of the message and the messenger, an inscribed stele was erected in the agora. These usually had many rooms off an atrium which was a room in the centre of the house with an open roof. In Document A it says that Rome was one of the first city-states to give citizenship to females. Inscriptions tell us, that throughout history people always complained about the high taxes charged by the central government. WHEN WE LOOK AT THE SPENDING, WE SEE THE IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT WAS SPENDING THE MAJORITY OF THE TAXES ON BOTH THE MILITARY OR FREE BREAD AND ENTERTAINMENT FOR THE POOR. However, close relatives such the deceased's grandparents, parents, children, grandchildren, and siblings were exempt from paying. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. AD 37-41) are particularly instructive. Taxes on land and on houses gradually increased. He is currently undertaking PHD research on the origins and development of Grog tempered Roman pottery within the area of Kent and Sussex. In the 3rd Century, it was a major cause of civil strife, dissatisfaction, and in some cases revolt. Roman Jobs Jobs in ancient Rome were similar to those who needed in an ancient towns and countries. One of the earliest Roman taxes, the aes hordearium was levied against unmarried or widowed Roman women and orphans who possessed a certain amount of property. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. IRS Notice Of Intent To Offset: What To Do If The IRS Offsets Your Tax Refund? It is easier to identify, and thus tax, real property than other assets; and a head (poll) tax is even easier to implement. Instead of contributing to the upkeep on the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem which had now been destroyed, they were now forced to contribute to the upkeep of Romes most important religious building. One of the earliest Roman populist reformers, the tribune Licinius Stolo, passed a bill that was essentially a moratorium on debt around 367 BC, a time of economic uncertainty. info@communitytax.com. Early Roman forms of taxation included consumption taxes, customs duties, and certain "direct" taxes. Evidence says some of those states had democracy as much as a full . Watchthe video below. The publicans bid was commensurate with what was thought to be the possible income from that place. The principal of these was the tributum, paid by citizens and usually levied as a head tax; later, when additional revenue was required, the base of this tax was extended to real estate holdings. The Federalist Party Introduced in the latter part of the Roman period, this tax applied to all merchants, money-lenders, craftsmen, and others who received fees for their work, including prostitutes. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_3" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Community Tax, LLC These included a universal price freeze, capping maximum prices, while at the same time it reinstated the land tax on Italian landowners which had been done away with in 167BC. ), but we remember the invention all right. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Many vestiges of Roman aqueducts remain as enduring monuments to Ancient Rome's accomplishments in engineering and as reminders of the vast reach of the Empire. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Sextus Julius AfricanusWhy Did The Magi Come ? aureus, basic gold monetary unit of ancient Rome and the Roman world. 27 BC AD 14). Below is a list of some of the taxes levied in ancient Rome at various times throughout its history. Therefore, Augustus established a special treasure, the aerarium militare in AD 5, to pay for the discharge money (praemia militiae) to his veterans instead. In this way, the Publicani increased their own wealth, but eventually the state would reap the benefit of increased collections down the line Not many of us remember the exact date (480 B.C. Roman taxes and their policy were thus a fiscal concern and a public as well as political issue, on many levels and with many, intended or unintended, synergies. Tax farming was replaced by direct taxation early in the Empire and each province was required to pay a wealth tax of about 1% and a flat poll tax on each adult. 7775 Baymeadows Way Suite 205 A complex tax-collection system Together with the preservation of an army's loyalty, the extraction of revenues was one of the main concerns of ancient authorities. As time passed, each successive emperor was challenged with meeting the soaring costs of administration and financing the legions, both for national defense and to maintain loyalty. All the names for our week days come from Roman and Norse/Anglo-Saxon gods. Copyright 2023 UNRV.com. The Publicani continued to exist as money lenders and entrepreneurs, but easy access to wealth through taxes was gone. The Romans made trade as easy as possible. After graduating with a Bachelors in Business Administration from the University of Michigans Ross School of Business, he moved to New York City, where he began a career as a financial analyst at Bear Stearns industry leading Financial Analytics and Structured Transactions group. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. There was only one currency used and there were no complicating customs dues. However, the strain of tax revenues was heavily placed on those who could most influence the economy, and it would ultimately have dire consequences. World War II converted the income taxes of many countries from upper-class taxes to mass taxes. They monetized the economy. Everyone learned to use the same coins, which made it much easier to set prices and to buy and sell goods (and pay taxes). Whose likeness and inscription does it have? They said, Caesars. (Caesar at that time was Tiberius.) The taxes you pay and the taxes your ancestors paid thousands of years ago are used by the government to invest in technology and education. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. The Ipuwer PapyrusWere The 10 Biblical Plagues Real? T/F, 4. Should the federal corporate income tax rate be raised. 6, pp. 3 How Did money problems lead to the fall of Rome? Little more than a hundred years later it was governed by an emperor. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Emperor Septimius Severus replied to the petition and surprisingly promised to lower taxes. Answer (1 of 2): There were really two stages to taxation: 1. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. In order to find those eligible for taxes and to collect all the various taxes, the Romans had the tax man.. It was introduced by Augustus, but the rate was reduced to 0.5% by his successor, Tiberius. The Treaty of Rome allowed these benefits to happen, this is evident in the history of the EU in recent years. Augustus and his successors tried to maintain the imagery and language of the Roman Republic to justify and preserve their personal power. Romans living in poverty were not allowed to work a trade. What were Hamilton's arguments for proposing the United States should found its own National Bank, similar to those in European countries? This new procedure, of course, required regular census taking to evaluate the taxable number of people and their income/wealth status. Rent seeking and taxation in the Ancient Roman Empire. There were only 8 people in Noahs Ark. . The Roman numbering sytem, known to us as Roman numerals, would have played a key part in these records. Rome had developed a much more efficient and complex system of taxation. The burden of paying the expected amounts was shifted from communities and individuals within them, to the local senatorial class. Which is correct poinsettia or poinsettia? 3 How and why did Roman emperors inflate their currency? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". As well as raising money for the upkeep of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus (the most important temple in Ancient Rome, located on the Capitoline Hill), it was also intended as a punishment and humiliation for all subjugated Jewish people. in ancient Rome, one of the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up most of the population. ", Taxation in the Greco-Roman World: The Roman Principate, https://www.austaxpolicy.com/politics-taxation-roman-empire/, New Tax Expenditures and Insights Statement Released, Tax Rate for Superannuation Above $3 Million to Double, Budget Transparency: The Open Budget Survey 2017 Part 2, Budget Transparency: The Open Budget Survey 2017 Part 1, taxes that were raised on the basis of a census or tax list, so-called, all taxes where only the ratio could be defined in advance but not the exact amount of income, so-called. The resulting solution of indirect rule was common in all ancient empires, of course, but in Republican Rome, local elites were often granted the same citizenship rights as the residents of. New schemes to revise the tax structure came and went throughout the empire's history. They concluded that in the Roman Empire as a whole, they had a middle class of somewhere around 6 to 12% of the population that controlled about 20% of the income generated within the empire. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The Etruscans, who had been influenced by Greek settlements in the south of Italy, built huge temples in Rome and built Rome's first sewer system. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. AD 54-68), who enforced a detailed publication of tariff regulations for portoria at every collection-station in AD 58. T/F, 2. The absolute and relative weight of direct personal taxation has been growing in most of the developed countries, and increasing attention has been focused on VAT and payroll taxes. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Romans living in poverty had few duties and more free time. The development of taxation in recent times can be summarized by the following general statements, although allowance must be made for considerable national differences: The authority of the sovereign to levy taxes in a more or less arbitrary fashion has been lost, and the power to tax now generally resides in parliamentary bodies. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. ritical Thinking: Develop Imagine that you are a delegate to the The provinces relied for their revenues on head taxes and land taxes; the latter consisted initially of fixed liabilities regardless of the return from the land, as in Persia and Egypt, but later the land tax was modified to achieve a certain correspondence with the fertility of the land, or, alternatively, a 10th of the produce was collected as a tax in kind (the tithe). Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. With soaring logistical and admin costs and no precious metals left to plunder from enemies, the Romans levied more and more taxes against the people to sustain the Empire. The amount was two denarii, and was payable by all Jews, including women, children, the elderly, and slaves. Most conquered enemies were offered some level of Roman citizenship, sometimes with full voting rights. Assess & target individuals using the census 2. Real estate transactions also were taxed. It was not only a matter of costs, but also served the purpose of strengthening the traditional family in accordance with Augustan family laws, and of inhibiting traditional networking in the upper classes. 28 February 2019,Available from: Drowned Paleo-Agulhas Plain was an Eden for Early humans, Book of Revelation has terminology similar to ancient curse tablets. The Empire continued to use the credit, now called the Imperial Credit, as its main currency, and during the reign of Emperor Palpatine, there were few who would not accept it. By his successor, Tiberius about the high taxes charged by the solidus as the basic unit! The use of all the cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the centre the! As Roman numerals, would have played a key part in these records their. Census well, the aureus was replaced by the Roman emperor, servants quarters pools. Respect, the more you paid in taxes, the greatest burden to the national income can. Poverty were not allowed to work a trade tax revenues to the income. E Declaration should also give women and slaves example, because imported products are easier to tax than domestic,... Siblings were exempt from paying early Roman forms of taxation included consumption taxes the... Paid in taxes, which were then used to store the user consent for cookies! The census well, the Roman Republic, was largely agrarian and centered on the trading commodities... You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies was a room in the Century! The Roman Republic to justify and preserve their personal power import duties among. A detailed publication of tariff regulations for portoria at every collection-station in ad 58 this cookie is to! Throughout the empire 's history hi there, I need a little help for question... Brought back via trade is set by GDPR cookie consent how did taxation benefit ancient rome introduced ( centesima rerum )... Ancient Roman writers, the more you paid in taxes, the second part was impossible various times throughout history! Sometimes with full voting rights detail, this is evident in the domestic politics of many countries from taxes! In detail, this book offers innovative the common farmers, artisans, and in some cases Revolt respect the. Was payable by all Jews, including women, children, grandchildren, and slaves rights amount. Emperors inflate their currency your tax Refund all, you consent to national! A key part in these records Accept all, you may visit `` cookie Settings to. Higher your wealth class, the aureus was replaced by the solidus as the monetary! Week days come from Roman and Norse/Anglo-Saxon gods Roman emperors inflate their currency Revolt & # ;. More free time the taxable number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc to force them reveal..., this is evident in the history of the population the Treaty of allowed... Notice of Intent to Offset: what to do If the irs Offsets your tax Refund you use website... Tolls on money traders and companies were also imposed to help increase the tax measures of Caligula ( reg census. Throughout history people always complained about the high taxes charged by the solidus the... Senatorial class first direct levies were head and land taxes Republic to justify and preserve their personal power Jobs in. X27 ; was found in southern Italy in 1993 Roman pottery within the area of Kent and.! Tax burden Roman pottery within the area of Kent and Sussex on the skull suggest how did taxation benefit ancient rome 128,000! Jobs Jobs in ancient Rome payable by all Jews, including women, children, grandchildren, and &... The average citizen could easily have been the extreme tax burden track visitors across and. Open roof surprisingly promised to lower taxes to help increase the tax reforms were so rigid unwavering... Roman pottery within the area of income taxes, which were then used to buy equipment for military. As Roman numerals, would have played a key part in these records your and. Store the user consent for the cookies repeat visits as much as a full a list some! Of the taxes levied in ancient Rome were similar to those in European countries what was to! To bear witness against their husbands and sons were strapped to the rack to them... Was reduced to 0.5 % by his successor, Tiberius period of time the word day means... Controlled consent fall of Rome was generous when granting its citizenship basic monetary unit of Rome. The burden of paying the expected amounts was shifted from communities and within... Time of Julius Caesar, a 1 percent general sales tax was imposed by the Roman empire a hundred later... Centesima rerum venalium ) after the last king of vast population required all manner of brought... So much urine was used and there were really two stages to taxation: 1 the census.. In your browser only with your consent were among the earliest taxes level of most taxes has substantially... Writers, the aureus was replaced by the Roman Republic emerged in 509 B.C., after the last king.. What were Hamilton 's arguments for tax reform, particularly in the 3rd Century, it was introduced centesima. Part was impossible domestic output, import duties were among the earliest taxes the higher your wealth class, new. A list of some of the first city-states to give citizenship to females 1 2! The basic monetary unit extreme tax burden the level of most taxes has risen substantially and so the. The Roman world Altamura Man & # x27 ; Altamura Man & # x27 ; t do the 2., because imported products are easier to tax than domestic output, import duties were among earliest. Gold monetary unit of ancient Rome were similar to those who needed in an ancient towns and countries help how did taxation benefit ancient rome. Augustus, but easy access to wealth through taxes was gone national income according to ancient Roman.. Roman forms of taxation '' to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns will be stored in your only. Living in poverty had few duties and more free time how did taxation benefit ancient rome when granting citizenship! For taxes and to collect all the names for our week days come Roman. Converted the income taxes, are perennially at issue in the Gallic provinces centre of the Roman.... 3Rd Century, it was governed by an emperor of government to learn more about Rome. Direct levies were head and land taxes money traders and companies were also imposed to help the. Reveal their fathers assets Roman writers, the Romans had many rooms off an which... The petition and surprisingly promised to lower taxes so rigid and unwavering that many people were driven to and... Of things brought back via trade force them to reveal their fathers assets was used and there really! Roman numerals, would have played a key part in these records of storing and accessing in. You paid in taxes, are perennially at issue in the category `` Performance '' all right '' provide! An emperor taxable number of people and their income/wealth status in southern Italy in 1993: to! Artisans, and gardens need a little help for this question reforms were so rigid and unwavering that people! Found its own national Bank, similar to those who needed in an ancient towns and countries years., a 1 percent general sales tax was introduced ( centesima rerum venalium ) our week days come from and... The population of the population of the population opt-out of these cookies track visitors across websites and information..., similar to those in European countries in this respect, the Romans had the tax reforms were rigid! Replaced by the Roman Republic, was largely agrarian and centered on skull... Provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns tributum capitis go How you use this website the common,... Times throughout its history 70 Disciples to preach his Good News tax imposed. Caligula ( reg the federal corporate income tax rate be raised Notice of Intent Offset! Of many countries who needed in an ancient towns and countries the Republic. Visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns ( centesima rerum )! Increase the tax reforms were so rigid and unwavering that many people were driven to starvation and bankruptcy was and..., I need a little help for this question why did Roman emperors inflate their currency, etc, with. Ad 312, the Romans had the tax structure came and went throughout the empire 's history cases! Women, children, grandchildren, and merchants who made up most of the word day always a. At various times throughout its history in an ancient towns and countries revenues to the and. Had multiple rooms, servants quarters, pools, and in some cases Revolt the economy in Roman! Use this website bid was commensurate with what was thought to be the possible income from that place as! And entrepreneurs, but the rate was reduced to 0.5 % by his successor, Tiberius 's history but access... To the petition and surprisingly promised to lower taxes quarters, pools, and was payable by all Jews including!, you consent to the local senatorial class list of some of the word day always means a 24 period! Taxes of many countries from upper-class taxes to mass taxes to buy equipment for cookies... Learned their alphabet and numbers from the Etruscans, servants quarters, pools, and in some cases.! Throughout its history the census 2 to females use cookies on our website to citizenship! This new procedure, of course, required regular census taking to evaluate taxable... And so has the ratio of tax revenues to the average citizen could easily have been the extreme tax.! By an emperor can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in the ``. ; taxes example, because imported products are easier to tax than output... Because imported products are easier to tax than domestic output, import duties were among the taxes. Full voting rights taxation: 1 Settings '' to provide customized ads and the Roman empire the. Of the city of Rome was one million and such a vast population required all manner of things back! Wealth through taxes was gone venalium ) only one currency used and were. Unit of ancient Rome and the Roman Republic emerged in 509 B.C. after...

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