According to Herzberg (1987) managers can eliminate the dissatisfaction among the employee by applying the motivation factors of two factor theory as follow: Fix poor and obstructive company policies. Students are not motivated to learn new information. Douglas McGregor, one of Maslow 's students, influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature Theory X and Theory Y. D. Sadly these cookies aren't the yummy kind, but the kind that help improve your website experience. We can cite A Theory of Human Motivation, published by Abraham Maslow in 1952 and popularized Maslows Pyramid of Hierarchies. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/, IvyPanda. Theory Y is a participative approach to enhance employee motivation where the manager has an optimistic view of their team members. 3. workers are not capable of self-control. Theory X Theory Y can be applied to classroom environments to determine if motivation has any correlation to student learning. B. a Theory Y manager according to McGregor. 4. telecommuting. Interestingly, Ouchi chose to name his model 'Theory Z', which apart from anything else tends to give the impression that it's a Mcgregor idea. Motivation occurs only at the physiological and security levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs. Theory X is an authoritarian style of management that assumes employees want to be . Malachi is a manager at a home goods store. However, if an employee fails to complete a task, the manager can punish them using a temporary suspension, a written warning, or a pay cut. If team members perform well under control, an authoritative management style can be used. Anand believes that he can force his subordinates to work extra hours through close supervision. Although new theories and practices have emerged regarding the theme, the foundations and principles of motivation are from a long time ago. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Theory X is the negative theory that focuses on supervision, and Theory Y is the positive theory that focuses on rewards and recognition. 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. This empirical study examined the relationships between health care employees' perceptions of (1) manager Theory Y and Theory X orientations; (2) work unit psychological . Jobs are more satisfying as the opportunity for job sharing increases. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y as a basis for understanding and improving motivation in the business world can be directly applied to the science classroom. 3. Identifying the issue causing the work to suffer will help the manager analyze individual employee needs better. The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies is Employee Engagement | Delegation Skills |Change Management | Emotional Intelligence | Diversity in the Workplace | OKRs | Feedback | Star Interview Questions |Intrinsic Motivation |Agile Leadership | Time Management | Leadership Qualities| Company Culture | Management Skills | Employee Motivation | Mindful Leadership | Managing Up | Building Resilience | Stress Management Tips |What is a Change Agent? Theory X and Theory Y suggest two aspects of human behavior at work. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. What does this scenario highlight about laid-off workers in terms of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Required fields are marked *. Employees are belonging to theory X who hate work and have to be motivated or pushed to work. The XY Theory diagram and measurement tool below (pdf and doc versions) are adaptations of McGregor's ideas for modern organisations, management and work. The purpose of this paper is therefore to offer to business and management readers a clear overview of McGregor's ideas, their use, critique, and contribution to . Herzberg's hygiene factors. 1. job rotation. Managers following this theory encourage their team members to participate in different activities. Morale. Theory X takes into account people's needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory Y does not. 2. She views her company favorably, and she enjoys working with her colleagues. 3. 2. First, all managers have a theory of human work motivation. Although purpose, autonomy and mastery have gained greater importance, we cannot exclude the fact that some people, for a moment in life or career, are more motivated by a monetary reward or promotion. People usually accept and often seek responsibility. 4. Motivation and Improving Workplace Performance, Motivational Model: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, David Mcclelland - Achievement Motivation, Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (pdf), Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (doc version), Book onto our upcoming leadership webinar sessions here, C4: Planning Workload, Time Management and Prioritisation, C18: Customer, Partner and Stakeholder Management, C19: Collaboration and Sharing Best Practice, C20: Conflict, Negotiation and Influencing, CMI Level 3 in Principles of Management and Leadership, CMI Level 6 in Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 7 in Strategic Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 8 in Strategic Direction and Leadership Practice, CMI/ILM Level 3 Team Leader or Supervisor, CMI/ILM Level 5 Operations or Departmental Manager, Frederick Herzberg Background Information, The Development of Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Employees demand high centralization and control from their managers. It increases overhead costs for companies. C. a Theory Z manager according to Ouchi. Systems based on rewards and punishments can generate dangerous side effects, such as lack of innovation, harmful competitiveness, and unethical behavior on the part of the team. 1. by offering flextime to all employees Assume that a manager has a team of 10 employees, and 8 of them are not motivated and rarely complete their tasks on time. Why should any one be controlled unless an employer knows one has a mental illness issue and thus feel the need to control ones actions???? 3. Elton Mayo. Under appropriate conditions, the human being, on average, leans towards not only accepting but also looking for responsibilities. And this is the essence of managing upward X-Theory managers - focus and get agreement on the results and deadlines - if you consistently deliver, you'll increasingly be given more leeway on how you go about the tasks, which amounts to more freedom. The average human being prefers to be directed, wishing to avoid responsibility. Please reference authorship and copyright of material used, including link(s) to Businessballs.com and the material webpage. 1. professional specifically for you? Fig. While it is recognized that Theory X may have worked in some contexts and that Theory Y may fail in others, changes in the context of technology, innovation, ESG, business models, business agility, and the new workforce make the Most Appropriate Theory Y. Twenty-first-century professionals will find it increasingly difficult to deal with management styles based on command and control and Theory X assumptions. Employees prefer making decisions themselves and also solving problems creatively. 3. the equity theory. More than changes in organizational assumptions, HR must lead the change in organizational assumptions in favor of talent retention and a strong culture in terms of agility, creativity, and innovation. E)the equity theory. Disclaimer: Reliance on this material and any related provision is at your sole risk. In fact, there are very few persons who exactly correspond with Theory 'X' or Theory 'Y' assumptions. For this reason, HR must enable, together with everyone in a company, a new look at people and their relationships, adopting assumptions that are more appropriate to the moment and this new workforce. 1. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, Continuing to use IvyPanda you agree to our, Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory, Hillcrest Memorial Hospital: Employee Motivation and Empowerment, Empowerment of Workers in Hospitality Organizations, An Overview Of the Work Done By Maslow, Herzberg and McGregor, The evolution of McGregors Theory X and Theory Y in relation to the development of management theory, The X and Y Theories by D. McGregor for PPD Company, Mobilizing Talent - Human Resources Management. Managers have many assumptions about their employees in Theory X: Many of these assumptions are based on basic physical needs. 2. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for love, companionship, and friendship and the desire for acceptance by others are a part of ________ needs. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y In his 1960 management book, The Human Side of Enterprise, Douglas McGregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. Create the work environment and culture of respect and dignity among all the department. These do not require any motivation to work. Theory X is useful for less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional world. It increases security concerns. 2. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. By managing the system and not the people, trusting them to achieve better results, we materialize the assumptions of this theory. Jobs are more satisfying when employees are offered flextime. McGregor's 1960 book, . It is unambitious, looking for safety above all else. 5. The soft approach results in a growingdesire for greater reward in exchange for diminished work output. Motivation is a topic that is being discussed more and more as the world continues to change at an exponential rate. Theory X To a relatively high degree, the ability to exercise the imagination, talent, and creative spirit in solving organizational problems are distributed, and not sparsely, among people. IvyPanda. 1. a flexible scheduling strategy. 3. a compressed workweek. People will be committed to their quality and productivity objectives if rewards are in place that address higher needs such as self-fulfillment. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. Such individuals are used to working on their own terms and accomplishing tasks. The Situational Leadership Theory by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard, who says that there is no single best leadership style, was published in 1969. Motivation and Engagement is an essential part: You will learn how engagement relates to motivation, get introduced to difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and get to know the CHAMPFROGS model, the ten motivators and how to use the Moving Motivator Cards to learn about individual motivators of people. 2. Identify what the employee lacks and their working style to employ the right theory that will motivate them in the right direction. They have similar educational and employment backgrounds and their job descriptions are identical, but Kelsey discovers that Tatum and Octavia both make more money than she does. (2022, May 11). However, superior leaders in healthcare centers are expected to have excellent leadership qualities for quality work. Employees dislike their work and try to avoid completing it as much as possible. 4. job enrichment Managers assume that employee demotivation can be solved through a decentralized method in which collaboration, trust, and team relationships are enhanced. How to apply Theory X and Y in the workplace. Each employee has a specific task to accomplish on the assembly line. When the employees complete a task, the manager provides them with rewards like bonuses and appraisals. 4. the traditional view of management. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." Students find learning inherently challenging and are only expected to have limited success in the course. 2. McGregor's theory of participation is closely related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs , a model in which motivation is used to achieve higher-level needs (social, esteem and self-actualization) after satisfying basic physiological and safety needs . 3. Theory X managers focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on physiological and security needs. 4. E. William Ouchi. He established the two contrasting theories to understand a managers beliefs regarding employee motivation and its effect on management style. Teachers with a Theory Y perspective (students naturally want to learn) provide increased motivation for students and promote more active learning than Theory X-style teachers who . I'd say Ewan Mcgregor since he was originally gonna play strange in 2016 and + he still had the beard since he was playing obi wan the same years . Work is inherently distasteful to most people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible. The principles that guide our practices also demonstrate this alignment: There are also a bunch of practices that bring the assumptions of Theory Y into shape and form part of the context of teams. 4. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: Theory X provides high power to the superiors; it is biased as it does not consider employee recognition and development. 3. productivity remaining the same despite an increase in efficiency Thus, according to the Theory, there are two groups of managers:Theory X managers and Theory Y managers, both with a contrary set of assumptions. 3. Theory Y is McGregor's other modem view of the nature of man. Introduction I decided to explore the concept of McGregor's X and Y theory, also known as Theory X and Theory Y, which was developed by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book "The Human Side of . 1. esteem needs Most people have little aptitude for creativity in solving organizational problems. Today, organizations are more concerned about the motivation of their employees. 4. This theory was first introduced in his book, "The Human Side of Enterprise." It generally highlights two different management styles such as - Authoritarian (Theory X) Participative (Theory Y) It takes into consideration, the pessimistic behaviour of an average human being, who is less ambitious and inherently lazy. Intrinsic motivations gain greater relevance in work environments, but they do not exclude the need, in some situations, for extrinsic motivations. It is the managers responsibility to identify team members requirements and select the right management style. Our mission is to foster educational excellence. Sign up now and learn more about new practices and games, awesome workshops and activities, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. How much people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness, or equity, of the rewards they will receive in exchange. Before he was laid off, he was focused on writing code and developing software faster and better than his coworkers. Herzberg's hygiene factors. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. Once a given level of needs is . Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. Which of the following is an unethical or illegal behavior Kelsey may exhibit to equalize the situation? World continues to change at an exponential rate proposed two theories by which perceive... And their working style to employ the right direction motivate them in the workplace employees high! And she enjoys working with her colleagues student learning control, an management. Place that address higher needs such as self-fulfillment just stepped into the professional.... 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