Loss of farm land in the southern section of the photograph Knowledge and understanding of the processes operating over a time scale of millennia - isostatic and eustatic changes 03.4 Assess the relative importance of weathering and erosion in the development of coastal landscapes. Knowledge and understanding of the process of longshore drift But if we add humans to these beaches what do we get. The removal, destruction or impairment of natural ecosystems are among the greatest causes of critical impacts on the sustainability of our natural water . Erosion of the 12 apostles (only 9 left) has nothing to do with humans, where dramatic oil spill near coast ruins beaches, does have to do with humans. Cliffs Nevertheless, it is still unclear how S. alternation invasion affects the carbon storage capacity of coastal wetlands as carbon pools through bacterial changes. The content may vary according to the landform but may include an examination of: A conclusion may be drawn in the context of the strategy chosen but a conclusion is not necessary in order to reach the top of Band 3. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. the reasons for the strategy such as high rates of erosion or deposition of sediment in inappropriate places The Defra and UK Research and Innovation-led review in collaboration with Plymouth Marine Laboratory and Exeter University, showed that Brits spending time by the sea reported increased happiness, better general health and were more physically active during their visit, compared to visits to other types of environment. - Sorting is the process by which the standard deviation of clast size within a sediment becomes reduced. These processes could be sub aerial and/or marine, transport or depositional processes. The main type of erosion, from the sea, takes the sand from the sand dunes as well as the rest of the beach in a rip. Professor Lora Fleming, Director of the Exeter University European Centre for Environment and Human Health, said: This project has shown that our coast helps to cater for a variety of human needs, from keeping healthy, to connecting with others. Clarity Springer, Dordrecht. [10]. Assess the relative importance of longshore drift in the formation of one or more landforms of coastal deposition. Every single person on our blue planet is connected to the Ocean. Many time a maritime forests will form on secondary dunes. Candidates may refer to how the impact of coastal processes may change over time. This may include: Your partner always seems to have an exuse~ You have accepted additional cookies. e.g. AO2 Candidates demonstrate application of knowledge and understanding through an examination of the role of sub aerial process in the formation of one or more landforms. Wave cut platforms The content will depend upon the landform(s) chosen and may include: The first reason why the beaches are eroding is because of rock jetties. There are still trout but there are very few, from what there used to be. Once developed, communities make an effort to protect their beach homes and coastal businesses. (a) (ii) Suggest one social loss associated with coastal erosion. (b) Examine the success of one management strategy used to manage the impacts of coastal processes on human activity. knowledge and understanding of the reasons why a management strategy is required such as erosion of coastal dunes by tourists, destruction of coral reefs, erosion as a consequence of the use of groynes knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of the management strategy which could include physical structures and operations That means the choices we make can have a positive or negative impact on the Ocean. Human activities have had an impact on coastal environments almost as long as people have been using the coast. Field Sketches: Weybourne only has landslides - vegetation can consolidate sand dunes, EDEXCEL geography coasts topic + exam style q, Evaluate the view that rates of coastal reces, ES2002 - Metamorphic Petrology and Processes, ES2003 - Ocean Circulation and Chemistry Week, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. This is called an erosional coastline. The most important of these changes occur on the beach and typically are related to erosion of the beach. -Changes to climate etc) 15. This may include such aspects as coastal locations, shape, magnitude Long Island is famous for its sandy ocean beaches. Humans interact with the world around us every day, but some of our actions are more harmful than others. It was not long before attempts to control erosion resulted in various types of structures such as jetties, groins, and seawalls. Examine the importance of different time scales in the formation of one or more coastal landforms. There are, however, a number of evidence gaps which we wish to further explore, such as the effects of marine environments on obesity prevalence in children and Vitamin D in adults, or the life stage at which nature-based interventions are most effective, and how they may vary among economic, social and cultural groups in the population. concentration in South East Wales Stability of Dunedin and Hurricane Passes, Pinellas County, Florida. [5], chalk cliffs steeper than clay and sand, 3. Davis, R.A., Jr., and Barnard, P.L., 2000. The need for extra grazing is putting pressure on wildlife. Beach erosion is widespread and causes significant problems for both the use of and protection by beaches. Some places will warm much more than others, some regions will receive more rainfall, while others are exposed to more frequent droughts. There are 4 key areas which have affected the coastline: Its common in parts of the UK for Crowded Coasts to be used as a term, Many people who work in London can no longer afford housing there, so some commute in from coastal towns and cities (Brighton). This means that all our day to day rubbish that we drop or leave on the park bench ends up in the sea. subaerial processes of weathering and mass movement including landslides, slumps and rock falls. Also a great place to retire examples include Bournemouth and Blackpool. -Retail, Many countries have taken steps to ban single use plastic items like straws, drink stirrers and cotton buds. Trembanis, A.C., and Pilkey, O.H., 1998. [3], - presence of unconsolidated sand Variation in expense with location the impact of mass movement on economic and/or social activity, 19. [3], Presence of unconsolidated sand - some places may have more sand dunes which are more prone to wind erosion The specification identifies the following landforms as depositional - beaches, spits, bars, tombolos and cuspate forelands. Landforms include headlands, cliffs and wave-cut platforms. A lot of the seawalls and groins were buried in order to form the new beaches. the relative importance of wind Climate change and its serious impacts Changes to the coastlines caused by human activity have exacerbated the effects of climate change . 2. As an important wetland with international significance in biodiversity conservation, Poyang Lake is under severe pressure from increasing human activities, such as prescribed fire. 271 million recreational visits are made to the coast each year. lying. [2]. The formation of landforms over one or more of these time scales should be related to processes. How human activities impact on coastal ecosystem during rapid urbanization is one of the hot spots in the coastal management study. Encyclopedia of Earth Science Series. Overall, there are many ways whereby human activities have caused problems for a broad spectrum of coastal environments. Loss of stock/custom in Looe (b) Assess the positive impacts of human activity on the coastal landscape at one or more locations. Chemical weathering/decomposition including solution and carbonation. Humans also impact the land around or near the coast. growth of embryo dunes (b) Discuss the view that coastal processes have a mainly positive impact on human activity. A number of forces continue to seriously affect our natural water resources. So the beach bums and the sea life may continue to enjoy one of the most beloved landscape for generations to, A big problem in Cape Cod is beach erosion. The geological structure incorporates bedding planes, dip, folding and faulting and can add distinctive features to these landforms. Types of Wetland Impacts Human Impacts The sand is then pulled out to sea where it forms a sand bar. We can all be conservationists, and many people are doing their bit at home to protect the Ocean. 92 67 AO1 [5], The development of the coastal landscape can be seen from both an erosional and depositional viewpoint. Spartina alterniflora is considered an invasive species that has affected the biogeochemical circle of carbon in coastal wetlands around the world. [5]. The extent to which there is a balance between negative / positive impacts of human activity on coastal environments. AO2 Shore Protection Manual, Volume 1. Human Impact on Coasts. Sediment starvation caused by river and coastal management is one effect of human activities on the coast. [3], 8. This provides the stability necessary for plant growth. Despite the negativity surrounding the current state of our Ocean, the good news is that its not too late to turn things around. An examination of the relative role in different locations The Human Impact on Coastal Landscape. Knowledge and understanding of the methods of transport - longshore drift, currents, tides CERC, 1984. Climate Change: Regional Impacts. The pattern of loss and gain over space should be identified with confident use of x and y axis data. [5], greatest in Newport An assessment of changes over time Easy to interpret? (a) (ii) Suggest how lithological factors have influenced the development of the cliffs shown in Figure 1. Use of colour in key? The relative importance of different sub aerial processes in the formation of one or more identified landforms These characteristics may be linked with the processes that are part of the development of the landform such as weathering, marine erosion and mass movement AO2 Ease of construction Virtually all Ocean habitats have been affected in some way via drilling or mining, dredging for aggregates for concrete and other building materials, destructive anchoring, removal of corals and land reclamation. (b) Describe two distinctive features of a geo. (a) (ii) Suggest one reason for the variation in the importance of wind erosion. [6], Candidates should show understanding of how the identified reasons can lead to more deposition occurring in one place than another. temporal variations in success, 11. This leaves the sand dunes more susceptible to erosion causing blowouts and disrupting the succession of vegetation in the area. Material from beach can be used to erode cliffs/WCP AO1 AO1 content encompasses knowledge and understanding of the positive impacts of human activity on the coastal landscape. Coastal sediments 87. Reading exact data figures, easy? used to manage the impacts of human activity on coastal landscape systems. Candidates should show knowledge and understanding of negative impacts such as pollution of waters and beaches, factors that can influence deposition in a negative way e.g. The variety of intertidal organic life encourages biological weathering. reference to conditions of formation - depth, light, currents As part of our ongoing positive impact activities, this brings our total trees planted The content will depend upon the management strategy chosen but there are a number of threads that are worthy of credit: Relevant responses may include: Arrowed explanations will assist the candidate to reach Band 3. Bar charts, cumulative bars and pie charts "To fail the Amazon is to fail the biosphere, and we fail to act at our own peril." #amazon #humanimpact #agriculture #deforestation #landusechange - leading to decrease in overall erosion (1) Professor Nicola Beaumont, Head of Science for Sea and Society at Plymouth Marine Laboratory, said: Our research demonstrates that marine and coastal areas play an important role in supporting peoples well-being. . The Great Barrier Reef is under threat from a range of pressures with a major one being deteriorating water quality due to pollution from adjacent land use. Soft engineering - this involves working with nature by using natural materials or allowing nature to take back areas. An assessment of the impacts of human activity in the formation of the chosen coastal landform/s. Headland The increase in the use of fertilisers for agriculture and warming ocean waters has contributed to eutrophication of the Ocean in certain areas of the world. In this paper, we comparatively evaluate changes in the positive and the negative ecological elements of Shenzhen's coastal zone in the rapid urbanization process to understand impacts of human activities. The world has woken up to the millions of tonnes of plastic that have entered the Ocean over the past 100 years. -Industrial, To first understand the actual impact we have on coasts we have to understand what was before and what is now. transportation of sediment Candidates may reach the conclusion that geology plays a variable part in the development of the landform(s) but a conclusion is not necessary in order to reach the top of Band 3. positive impacts on beaches and tourism generated by deployment of groynes leading to increased erosion and negative impacts further down the coastline. There are four main processes of erosion along the coast. Soft engineering - this involves working with nature by using natural materials or allowing nature to take back areas. Aspects of the photograph addressed can be development of shape, position and process. Sadly, oil spills still occur, coating beaches, sinking to smother Ocean plant life and killing a wide variety of birds, fish and sea mammals. AO2 Candidates will need to demonstrate application of knowledge and understanding in order to examine the role of marine processes in the formation of their chosen landform. AO2 -+ ability of such graphs to display the relative importance of the groups and be able to compare this at each return period. Are intervals of key good? Check out Adapt the A-level & GCSE revision timetable app. Line graph An examination of the relative importance of seasonal processes St. Donat's Bay Used to compare different areas, and they are a useful visual aid as they can show differences clearly (a) (i) Use Figure 1 to compare the shoreline changes shown at Location 1 and Location 2. With increased urbanisation, tarmac and other manmade land surfaces contribute to petrol, diesel and other harmful chemicals easily flowing into rivers or directly into the Ocean. Development of barrier islands accessed by these causeways resulted in various types of construction that have negatively impacted on the coastal zone. Have students watch three videos about human activities that threaten the world ocean. To express human activities in more detail, the landscape types were classified into positive and negative ecological elements [40], representing positive and negative ecological effects (Table 5 . The content will depend upon the time scale(s) and landform(s) chosen and may include: [2], political issues News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. Coastal regions are highly vulnerable to the impacts of human activities, land cover change, sea level rise (SLR), and climate extremes. 3.6 billion People live near or around a coast. 3.6 billion People live near or around a coast. debris protects base of cliff from erosion

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